ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT OF FOUR CONVENTIONAL PESTICIDES ON THE POLLINATOR Forcipomyia spp. (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE) OF CACAO CULTIVATION (THEOBROMA CACAO), IN SAN MARTÍN, PERU

Authors

  • Astrid SOTOMAYOR-CHAVEZ Universidad Científica del Sur, Carrera de Ingeniería Ambiental, Laboratorio de Ingeniería Ambiental. Grupo de Investigación Restauración de Ecosistemas y Calidad Ambiental, Villa El Salvador, Lima, Perú. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4673-4355
  • Dimas GARAY-CRISANTO Universidad Científica del Sur, Carrera de Ingeniería Ambiental, Laboratorio de Ingeniería Ambiental. Grupo de Investigación Restauración de Ecosistemas y Calidad Ambiental, Villa El Salvador, Lima, Perú. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2213-3384
  • José Alberto IANNACONE Universidad Científica del Sur, Carrera de Ingeniería Ambiental, Laboratorio de Ingeniería Ambiental. Grupo de Investigación Restauración de Ecosistemas y Calidad Ambiental, Villa El Salvador, Lima, Perú. Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal (UNFV), Escuela Universitaria de Post Grado (EUPG), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas (FCCM), Laboratorio de Ecología y Biodiversidad Animal (LEBA), Grupo de Investigación en Sostenibilidad Ambiental (GISA). El Agustino, Lima, Perú. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3699-4732
  • Geancarlo ALARCÓN-IMAN Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal (UNFV), Escuela Universitaria de Post Grado (EUPG), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas (FCCM), Laboratorio de Ecología y Biodiversidad Animal (LEBA), Grupo de Investigación en Sostenibilidad Ambiental (GISA). El Agustino, Lima, Perú. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6327-6894
  • Lorena ALVARIÑO Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal (UNFV), Escuela Universitaria de Post Grado (EUPG), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas (FCCM), Laboratorio de Ecología y Biodiversidad Animal (LEBA), Grupo de Investigación en Sostenibilidad Ambiental (GISA). El Agustino, Lima, Perú. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1544-511X
  • Paola OLANO-PANCHANO Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal (UNFV), Escuela Universitaria de Post Grado (EUPG), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas (FCCM), Laboratorio de Ecología y Biodiversidad Animal (LEBA), Grupo de Investigación en Sostenibilidad Ambiental (GISA). El Agustino, Lima, Perú. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5729-8934

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24841/fa.v33i1.737

Keywords:

carbofuran, chlorpyrifos, copper oxychloride, cypermethrin, pollination

Abstract

The cocoa crop (Theobroma cacao), is pollinated mainly by Forcipomyia spp. (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). The objective was to evaluate the environmental risk of four conventional pesticides: cypermethrin, carbofuran, copper oxychloride and chlorpyrifos, used in the cultivation of cocoa on the pollinator, Forcipomyia spp. The environmental risk was evaluated by analyzing the abundance index of Forcipomyia in the town of Sangamayoc, Barranquita district, Lamas province, San Martín region, Peru. The individuals were obtained by incubation and capture in emergency boxes with cocoa litter that encountered the four pesticides over three evaluations. The results show that chlorpyrifos presented the highest environmental risk on the abundance of Forcipomyia, followed by cypermethrin, carbofuran and copper oxychloride. In the first evaluation, a decrease in pollinator abundance was observed, followed by a slight recovery in subsequent evaluations. It is concluded that chlorpyrifos had the greatest effect on the abundance of Forcipomyia, and copper oxychloride the one with the least effect. Forcipomyia proved to be an adequate indicator for the evaluation of environmental risk due to the application of pesticides.

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Published

2024-12-01

Issue

Vol. 33 No. 1 (2024)

Section

Originals Articles

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How to Cite

ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT OF FOUR CONVENTIONAL PESTICIDES ON THE POLLINATOR Forcipomyia spp. (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE) OF CACAO CULTIVATION (THEOBROMA CACAO), IN SAN MARTÍN, PERU. (2024). Folia Amazonica, 33(1), e33737. https://doi.org/10.24841/fa.v33i1.737